National Parks & Wildlife -

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India, a nation of breathtaking geographical and cultural diversity, protects its priceless natural heritage within a network of spectacular national parks. These sanctuaries, stretching from the snow-laden Himalayas to the mangrove-rich deltas of the coast, are vital for the survival of some of the world’s most iconic species. This comprehensive guide delves into these wilderness areas, complete with details on wildlife, geography, and the rivers that form their lifeblood, offering a perfect blueprint for your next adventure.

1. Dachigam National Park

Dachigam, whose name translates to “ten villages,” honors the communities relocated for its creation. This park in the high-altitude mountains of Kashmir is a stunning mix of gentle grasslands and sheer cliffs, renowned for being the last hope for the Kashmir Stag.

Location: 22 km from Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir
Area: 141 km²
Best Time to Visit: May to August (Upper Dachigam); September to December (Lower Dachigam for Hangul sightings)
Key Wildlife: Critically endangered Kashmir Stag (Hangul), Snow Leopard, and Himalayan Black Bear.
River System: The Dagwan River, a tributary of the Telbal, flows through the park and is a key source of Srinagar’s drinking water.
How to Reach: The nearest airport and railway station are in Srinagar. From there, it’s a convenient one-hour drive to the park entrance.

2. Kishtwar National Park

A rugged, remote park in the Himalayas, Kishtwar is a paradise for trekkers and wildlife enthusiasts seeking solitude. It’s known for its dramatic mountain scenery and rare high-altitude fauna.

Location: Kishtwar district, Jammu & Kashmir
Area: 400 km²
Best Time to Visit: May to October
Key Wildlife: Snow Leopard, Himalayan Brown Bear, and Himalayan Tahr.
River System: The park is bounded by the Rinnay River in the north, the Marwa River in the west, and the Kibar Nala catchment in the south.
How to Reach: The nearest airport is in Jammu (250 km). Access to the park is by road.

3. Hemis National Park

Located in the starkly beautiful cold desert of Ladakh, Hemis is a world-renowned sanctuary for the snow leopard. It is the largest national park in India and a spiritual hub, home to the famous Hemis Monastery.

Location: Eastern Ladakh
Area: 4,400 km²
Best Time to Visit: June to October. Winter months are ideal for snow leopard expeditions.
Key Wildlife: Globally famous as the best destination for Snow Leopard sightings. It also hosts the Great Tibetan Sheep (Argali) and Blue Sheep (Bharal).
River System: The park is bounded on the north by the mighty Indus River and includes the catchments of the Markha, Sumdah, and Rumbak streams.
How to Reach: The nearest airport is in Leh (47 km), from where you can hire a taxi.

4. Pin Valley National Park

A core part of the Spiti Valley’s cold desert ecosystem, Pin Valley is a breathtaking landscape of barren mountains and alpine pastures, deeply intertwined with Tibetan Buddhist culture.

Location: Lahaul and Spiti district, Himachal Pradesh
Area: 675 km² (Core)
Best Time to Visit: July to October
Key Wildlife: An important habitat for the Siberian Ibex and the elusive Snow Leopard.
River System: The Pin River, a major tributary of the Spiti River, flows through the heart of the park, carving the valley.
How to Reach: The nearest airport is in Bhuntar (Kullu). Access is via road from Manali (over Rohtang and Kunzum Pass) or from Shimla via Reckong Peo.

5. Great Himalayan National Park

A UNESCO World Heritage Site, this park is celebrated for its exceptional biodiversity, with ecosystems ranging from subtropical forests to alpine meadows, all nestled within the mighty Himalayas.

Location: Kullu district, Himachal Pradesh
Area: 1,171 km² (Total)
Best Time to Visit: April to June and September to November
Key Wildlife: A hotspot of Himalayan biodiversity, it protects the Blue Sheep (Bharal), Snow Leopard, Himalayan Brown Bear, and the Himalayan Tahr.
River System: The park includes the upper catchments of the Tirthan, Sainj, Jiwa Nal, and Parvati Rivers, all of which are tributaries of the Beas River.
How to Reach: The nearest airport is at Bhuntar (Kullu), around 60 km away.

6. Kalesar National Park

Situated in the Sivalik Hills, Kalesar is a significant protected area in Haryana, known for its dense Sal forests and rich wildlife, with the Yamuna River flowing along its eastern edge.

Location: Yamunanagar district, Haryana
Area: 46.82 km² (National Park)
Best Time to Visit: October to March
Key Wildlife: It has a healthy population of Leopards and is a popular destination for bird watching. Elephants are occasional visitors from the nearby Rajaji National Park.
River System: The Yamuna River forms the park’s eastern boundary with Uttar Pradesh.
How to Reach: The nearest airport is in Dehradun (87 km). The nearest major railway station is in Yamunanagar (37 km).

7. Valley of Flowers National Park

A place of legendary beauty, this UNESCO World Heritage Site is a high-altitude Himalayan valley that bursts into a vibrant carpet of alpine flowers during the monsoon season.

Location: North Chamoli, Uttarakhand
Area: 87 km²
Best Time to Visit: July to September, when the flowers are in full bloom.
Key Wildlife: Famous for its meadows of endemic alpine flowers. It’s also a habitat for the Asiatic Black Bear, Snow Leopard, Musk Deer, and Blue Sheep.
River System: The Pushpawati River, a tributary of the Alaknanda River, flows peacefully through the valley.
How to Reach: The nearest airport is in Dehradun. The closest roadhead is Govindghat, from where a 13 km trek leads to the valley.

8. Rajaji National Park

Named after the revered freedom fighter C. Rajagopalachari, this park is a crucial corridor for elephants and tigers, spanning three districts of Uttarakhand with the holy Ganga river flowing through it.

Location: Haridwar, Dehradun, and Pauri Garhwal districts, Uttarakhand
Area: 820 km²
Best Time to Visit: November to June
Key Wildlife: Home to one of the largest populations of Asian Elephants in North India. It also hosts Tigers, Leopards, and over 300 bird species.
River System: The mighty Ganga River flows for 24 km through the park. The Song River and several other streams also drain the area.
How to Reach: Well-connected by air (Dehradun), rail (Haridwar, Rishikesh), and road.

9. Gangotri National Park

A majestic high-altitude park, Gangotri is a land of glaciers, soaring peaks, and coniferous forests. It holds immense spiritual significance as the origin of the sacred River Ganga.

Location: Uttarkashi district, Uttarakhand
Area: 2,390 km²
Best Time to Visit: April to June and September to October
Key Wildlife: A sanctuary for high-altitude species like the Snow Leopard, Blue Sheep, Himalayan Tahr, and Black Bear.
River System: The park lies in the upper catchment of the Bhagirathi River. The Gaumukh glacier, the very source of the Ganga, is located inside the park.
How to Reach: The nearest airport is in Dehradun (220 km). The nearest railway station is in Rishikesh (250 km).

10. Dudhwa Tiger Reserve

Located on the Indo-Nepal border, Dudhwa is a jewel of the Terai ecosystem, renowned for its tall grasslands, dense Sal forests, and as a successful conservation story for the Swamp Deer.

Location: Lakhimpur Kheri district, Uttar Pradesh
Area: 490 km² (National Park); ~1284 km² (Tiger Reserve)
Best Time to Visit: November to May
Key Wildlife: Besides tigers and a thriving population of Swamp Deer (Barasingha), it is home to Leopards, Elephants, and the critically endangered Hispid Hare.
River System: The Suheli and Mohana streams flow through the park, which lies in the floodplain of the Ghaghara River system.
How to Reach: The nearest airport is in Lucknow (238 km). The nearest railway stations are Dudhwa, Palia, and Mailani.

11. Keoladeo National Park

Formerly known as the Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary, Keoladeo is a world-famous avian paradise. This UNESCO World Heritage Site and man-made wetland is a critical wintering ground for migratory birds from across the globe.

Location: Bharatpur, Rajasthan
Area: 29 km²
Best Time to Visit: October to March (for resident and migratory birds)
Key Wildlife: Famous for its staggering diversity of avifauna. Thousands of birds like the Painted Stork, Eurasian Spoonbill, Herons, and Cormorants congregate here.
River System: This is a man-made wetland. Water is fed into its shallow lakes from the Gambhir and Banganga rivers through the Ajan Bund.
How to Reach: Bharatpur is well-connected by road and rail. The nearest airport is in Agra (56 km).

12. Ranthambore National Park

One of India’s most famous tiger reserves, Ranthambore is a unique blend of nature and history. Tigers roam amidst ancient forts, temples, and hunting pavilions, making for an unforgettable safari experience.

Location: Sawai Madhopur, Rajasthan
Area: 282 km² (Core National Park)
Best Time to Visit: October to June (Tiger sightings are best from March to June).
Key Wildlife: A premier destination for Bengal Tiger sightings, it is also home to Leopards, Sloth Bears, and Sambar Deer.
River System: It is bounded to the north by the Banas River and to the south by the Chambal River. Several lakes, like Padam Talao, are critical wildlife hotspots within the park.
How to Reach: The nearest town and railway station is Sawai Madhopur (11 km). The nearest airport is in Jaipur (160 km).

13. Sariska Tiger Reserve

Nestled in the ancient Aravalli Hills, Sariska is an important tiger habitat known for its rocky landscapes, dry deciduous forests, and historical sites.

Location: Alwar district, Rajasthan
Area: 881 km²
Best Time to Visit: October to June
Key Wildlife: Bengal Tiger, Leopard, Jungle Cat, Golden Jackal, and Chital.
River System: The park has no major perennial rivers, but several seasonal streams drain the area. Siliserh Lake and Jai Samand Lake are nearby water bodies.
How to Reach: The nearest airport is in Jaipur (107 km). The nearest railway station is in Alwar (37 km).

14. Desert National Park

This unique park showcases the stark beauty and surprisingly rich biodiversity of the Thar Desert ecosystem, featuring rolling sand dunes, craggy rocks, and vast grasslands.

Location: Jaisalmer and Barmer districts, Rajasthan
Area: 3,162 km²
Best Time to Visit: October to March
Key Wildlife: The park is a haven for the critically endangered Great Indian Bustard. Other species include the Desert Fox, Chinkara, and a variety of raptors.
River System: This is an arid region with no perennial rivers, showcasing a unique desert ecosystem adapted to scarcity of water.
How to Reach: The nearest city and railway station is Jaisalmer.

15. Bandhavgarh National Park

Famed for having one of the highest densities of tigers in India, Bandhavgarh is a relatively small park with a rich history, centered around an ancient fort that looms over the landscape.

Location: Umaria district, Madhya Pradesh
Area: 105 km² (Core National Park); 1536 km² (Tiger Reserve)
Best Time to Visit: October to June
Key Wildlife: Renowned for frequent Bengal Tiger sightings. Also home to Leopard, Spotted Deer (Chital), and Sambar.
River System: The Charanganga River, a tributary of the Son River, flows through the park, creating lush marshes in its lowlands that attract wildlife.
How to Reach: Nearest airports are Jabalpur (200 km) and Khajuraho (250 km). The nearest railway station is Umaria (37 km).

16. Panna National Park

A scenic park in the Vindhyan Hills, Panna is known for its dramatic gorges, plateaus, and the beautiful Ken River that slices through it, creating a stunning landscape for wildlife.

Location: Panna and Chhatarpur districts, Madhya Pradesh
Area: 542.67 km²
Best Time to Visit: October to May
Key Wildlife: Tiger, Leopard, Sloth Bear, and a significant population of Gharial and Mugger crocodiles in the Ken river.
River System: The Ken River, one of the cleanest rivers in India, flows for about 55 km through the park, creating stunning gorges and waterfalls.
How to Reach: The nearest airport and railway station is at Khajuraho (26 km).

17. Kanha Tiger Reserve

The largest national park in Madhya Pradesh, Kanha’s sprawling meadows and Sal forests were the inspiration for Rudyard Kipling’s “The Jungle Book.”

Location: Mandla and Balaghat districts, Madhya Pradesh
Area: 940 km² (Core)
Best Time to Visit: October to June
Key Wildlife: Tiger, Leopard, and the endemic Hard-ground Barasingha (Swamp Deer), which was saved from extinction here.
River System: The park forms the upper watershed of both the Narmada and Godavari rivers. The Banjar River and the Halon River, tributaries of the Narmada, flow through the park.
How to Reach: Nearest airports are Jabalpur (160 km) and Raipur (250 km).

18. Valmiki National Park

Located on the India-Nepal border, Valmiki is Bihar’s only national park, representing the bio-geographic province of the Gangetic Plains with its unique Terai-Bhabar vegetation.

Location: West Champaran district, Bihar
Area: ~900 km² (Tiger Reserve)
Best Time to Visit: October to May
Key Wildlife: Bengal Tiger, Rhinoceros, Black Bear, and Leopard.
River System: The Gandak River forms the park’s western boundary. The Sonha and Pachnad rivers also flow through its landscape.
How to Reach: The nearest airport is in Patna (275 km). The nearest railway station is Valmiki Nagar.

19. Betla National Park

Located on the Chota Nagpur Plateau, Betla was one of the first nine tiger reserves established in India under Project Tiger and is rich in both flora and fauna.

Location: Latehar and Palamu districts, Jharkhand
Area: 226.33 km²
Best Time to Visit: October to April
Key Wildlife: Known for its populations of Elephant, Tiger, Leopard, and Gaur (Indian Bison).
River System: The North Koel River and its tributaries flow through the northern part of the park, providing a lifeline for its wildlife.
How to Reach: The nearest airport is in Ranchi (180 km). The nearest railway station is Barwadih.

20. Sanjay-Dubri Tiger Reserve

This reserve is a significant wildlife corridor connecting Bandhavgarh in Madhya Pradesh and Palamau in Jharkhand. The Chhattisgarh portion is now designated as Guru Ghasidas National Park.

Location: Sidhi district, Madhya Pradesh & Koriya district, Chhattisgarh
Area: ~1471 km²
Best Time to Visit: October to June
Key Wildlife: Tiger, Leopard, Nilgai, and Chinkara.
River System: The Banas River flows through the Madhya Pradesh portion, and the Gopad River flows through the Chhattisgarh section.
How to Reach: The nearest airports are in Jabalpur and Raipur.

21. Indravati National Park

Named after the majestic Indravati River, this is the finest and most famous wildlife park in Chhattisgarh, serving as a crucial habitat for the endangered Wild Water Buffalo.

Location: Bijapur district, Chhattisgarh
Area: 1,258 km²
Best Time to Visit: December to June
Key Wildlife: The last remaining population of the endangered Wild Water Buffalo, along with Tiger, Gaur, and Leopard.
River System: The Indravati River, a major tributary of the Godavari, forms the northern boundary of the park, lending it its name and beauty.
How to Reach: The nearest airport and railway station are at Jagdalpur (168 km).

22. Sundarbans National Park

A vast, mysterious mangrove forest on the delta of the Ganges, Brahmaputra, and Meghna rivers, the Sundarbans is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a land of unique, amphibious tigers.

Location: South 24 Parganas district, West Bengal
Area: 1,330 km²
Best Time to Visit: September to March
Key Wildlife: The iconic Royal Bengal Tiger (adapted to aquatic life), Saltwater Crocodile, Spotted Deer, and numerous bird species.
River System: A complex network of tidal waterways, mudflats, and small islands of mangrove forests. Major channels include the Matla, Raimangal, and Bidyadhari rivers.
How to Reach: Accessible primarily by boat from Canning or Godkhali port, which is a few hours’ drive from Kolkata.

23. Jaldapara National Park

Situated on the foothills of the Eastern Himalayas, Jaldapara is a mosaic of grasslands and riverine forests, most famous for its large population of the Indian one-horned rhinoceros.

Location: Alipurduar district, West Bengal
Area: 216.51 km²
Best Time to Visit: October to May
Key Wildlife: Home to the Great One-Horned Rhinoceros (second largest population in India), Elephant, Tiger, and Leopard.
River System: The Torsa River flows through the park. The Malangi and Hollong rivers are other important water bodies that sustain its grasslands.
How to Reach: The nearest airport is Bagdogra (140 km). The nearest railway stations are Madarihat and Hasimara.

24. Buxa Tiger Reserve

Located in the Eastern Himalayas, Buxa serves as a crucial international corridor for elephant migration between India and Bhutan and is known for its incredible biodiversity.

Location: Alipurduar district, West Bengal
Area: 760 km²
Best Time to Visit: October to April
Key Wildlife: Asian Elephant, Gaur, Sambar Deer, Clouded Leopard, and Tiger.
River System: The main rivers flowing through the reserve are the Sankosh, Raidak, and Jayanti, creating a rich riverine ecosystem.
How to Reach: The nearest airport is Bagdogra (160 km). The main town is Alipurduar.

25. Khangchendzonga National Park

A UNESCO World Heritage Site (mixed criteria), this park includes the world’s third-highest peak, Mount Khangchendzonga, and is a place of immense natural and cultural significance.

Location: North Sikkim
Area: 1,784 km²
Best Time to Visit: April to May and September to December.
Key Wildlife: A high-altitude haven for the Snow Leopard, Musk Deer, Himalayan Tahr, and Red Panda.
River System: The park is home to numerous glaciers, including the Zemu Glacier. Several tributaries of the Teesta River originate in and flow through the park.
How to Reach: The nearest airport is Pakyong, Sikkim or Bagdogra, West Bengal. The nearest major railway station is New Jalpaiguri (NJP).

26. Kaziranga National Park

A spectacular UNESCO World Heritage Site, Kaziranga is a world-renowned success story in conservation, hosting two-thirds of the world’s great one-horned rhinoceroses.

Location: Golaghat, Karbi Anglong, and Nagaon districts, Assam
Area: Over 1000 km²
Best Time to Visit: November to April.
Key Wildlife: A stronghold for the Great One-Horned Rhinoceros, it also has high densities of Tiger, Elephant, and Wild Water Buffalo.
River System: The mighty Brahmaputra River forms the northern boundary. The park is crisscrossed by four main rivers: Diphlu, Mora Diphlu, Mora Dhansiri, and Belsiri.
How to Reach: The nearest airports are at Jorhat (97 km) and Guwahati (217 km).

27. Dibru-Saikhowa National Park

A national park and biosphere reserve, Dibru-Saikhowa is a water-world, bounded by mighty rivers, and is famous for its feral horses and rich birdlife.

Location: Dibrugarh and Tinsukia districts, Assam
Area: 340 km²
Best Time to Visit: November to April
Key Wildlife: Famous for its population of Feral Horses, it is also home to the White-winged Wood Duck, Tiger, and Elephant.
River System: It is bounded by the Brahmaputra and Lohit Rivers in the north and the Dibru River in the south, forming a unique river island ecosystem.
How to Reach: The nearest airport is at Dibrugarh (40 km). The nearest town is Tinsukia.

28. Orang National Park

Often called ‘Mini Kaziranga’, Orang is a small but vital park on the north bank of the Brahmaputra, featuring a similar landscape of grasslands, swamps, and wetlands.

Location: Darrang and Sonitpur districts, Assam
Area: 78.81 km²
Best Time to Visit: November to April
Key Wildlife: It has a strong population of the Indian Rhinoceros, Pygmy Hog, Asian Elephant, and Bengal Tiger.
River System: The Brahmaputra River forms the southern boundary of the park. The Pachnoi and Dhansiri rivers also flow along its borders.
How to Reach: The nearest airport is at Guwahati (140 km). The nearest town is Tezpur (32 km).

29. Namdapha National Park

A massive biodiversity hotspot in the Eastern Himalayas, Namdapha is unique for its incredible altitudinal variation, hosting everything from tropical evergreen rainforests to alpine meadows.

Location: Changlang district, Arunachal Pradesh
Area: 1,985 km²
Best Time to Visit: October to April
Key Wildlife: The only park in the world with four big cat species: Tiger, Leopard, Clouded Leopard, and Snow Leopard. It is also home to the endemic Namdapha Flying Squirrel.
River System: The Noa-Dihing River, a tributary of the Brahmaputra, flows from east to west right through the park.
How to Reach: The nearest airport is at Dibrugarh (182 km). The entry point to the park is the town of Miao.

30. Mouling National Park

Named after a nearby peak, Mouling (meaning ‘red poison’ or ‘red blood’) refers to the red latex from a local tree species. It is a remote and biodiverse park in the Himalayan foothills.

Location: Upper Siang and West Siang districts, Arunachal Pradesh
Area: 483 km²
Best Time to Visit: November to April
Key Wildlife: Home to rare species like the Takin, Goral, Leopard, Bengal Tiger, and Red Panda.
River System: The Siyom River flows along the western edge of the park, and several small tributaries drain into it from within the park.
How to Reach: The park is remote. The nearest airport is at Pasighat.

31. Ntangki National Park

Also known as Intanki, this park in Nagaland is a lush wilderness of semi-tropical forests and mountains, representing the rich biodiversity of the region.

Location: Peren district, Nagaland
Area: 202.02 km²
Best Time to Visit: November to February
Key Wildlife: A prime habitat for the Hoolock Gibbon, Golden Langur, Tiger, Elephant, and Sloth Bear.
River System: The Ntangki River flows through the length of the park, lending it its name.
How to Reach: The nearest airport and railway station are at Dimapur (45 km).

32. Sirohi National Park

This small but significant park in Manipur is celebrated globally as the only place in the world where the beautiful and rare Siroy Lily grows naturally.

Location: Ukhrul district, Manipur
Area: 41.3 km²
Best Time to Visit: May to June, during the lily’s blooming season.
Key Wildlife: Famous for the endemic Siroy Lily (Lilium mackliniae). It also provides habitat for the Tragopan, Tiger, and Leopard.
River System: Several small streams originate from the park’s hills and flow down to the valleys.
How to Reach: The nearest airport is in Imphal (around 100 km).

33. Keibul Lamjao National Park

The world’s only floating national park, Keibul Lamjao is a unique wetland ecosystem of floating biomass (‘phumdis’), and the last natural habitat of the endangered Sangai deer.

Location: Bishnupur district, Manipur
Area: 40 km²
Best Time to Visit: October to April
Key Wildlife: The last refuge of the critically endangered Sangai Deer (the ‘dancing deer’), which lives on the floating islands.
River System: The park is the southern part of the Loktak Lake, the largest freshwater lake in Northeast India. There are no rivers flowing through it, as it is a part of the lake itself.
How to Reach: The nearest airport is in Imphal (48 km).

34. Balphakram National Park

Known as the “Land of Spirits” in Garo legend, Balphakram is a beautiful plateau with deep gorges, often compared to the Grand Canyon of the USA.

Location: South Garo Hills, Meghalaya
Area: 220 km²
Best Time to Visit: October to March
Key Wildlife: It is an important habitat for the Red Panda, Wild Water Buffalo, Elephant, and the rare Marbled Cat.
River System: The park overlooks the floodplain of the Brahmaputra River and is dissected by the Goneshwari River.
How to Reach: The nearest airport is in Guwahati (220 km).

35. Nokrek National Park

Part of the Nokrek Biosphere Reserve, this park is a hotspot of biodiversity in the Garo Hills and is considered the home of the ancestral progenitor of all citrus fruits.

Location: West Garo Hills district, Meghalaya
Area: 47.48 km²
Best Time to Visit: October to May
Key Wildlife: A key habitat for the Red Panda, Asian Elephant, Hoolock Gibbon, and Tiger.
River System: The Simsang River, one of the major rivers of the Garo Hills, originates from the Nokrek hills and flows through the region.
How to Reach: The nearest airport is in Guwahati (160 km).

36. Murlen National Park

Located close to the Indo-Myanmar border, Murlen is a dense, thick forest where it’s said that sunlight barely reaches the ground in some areas, earning it the moniker ‘land of no return’.

Location: Champhai district, Mizoram
Area: 200 km²
Best Time to Visit: October to March
Key Wildlife: Provides refuge to the Tiger, Leopard, Himalayan Black Bear, and Hoolock Gibbon.
River System: Several small streams and rivulets flow through the park’s dense forest cover.
How to Reach: The nearest airport is in Aizawl.

37. Phawngpui Blue Mountain National Park

This park protects the highest peak in Mizoram, Phawngpui, which is revered by the locals as the abode of the gods. It is famous for its stunning landscapes, orchids, and rhododendrons.

Location: Lawngtlai district, Mizoram
Area: 50 km²
Best Time to Visit: October to April
Key Wildlife: Home to the Goral, Serow, Leopard, and Asiatic Black Bear, and rare birds like Blyth’s Tragopan.
River System: The Kolodyne River flows nearby, but no major rivers flow through this high-altitude peak park.
How to Reach: The nearest airport is in Aizawl (300 km).

38. Bison (Rajbari) National Park at Trishna

Trishna is a sprawling wildlife sanctuary in Tripura, within which lies the smaller, fenced Rajbari National Park, created specifically to protect and showcase the Indian Gaur (Bison).

Location: South Tripura district, Tripura
Area: 163.08 km² (Trishna Sanctuary)
Best Time to Visit: October to March
Key Wildlife: A prime location to see the majestic Indian Gaur (Bison). Also home to Deer, Golden Langur, and Pheasant.
River System: No major rivers flow through the park, but it contains several large water bodies and seasonal streams which are vital for the wildlife.
How to Reach: The nearest airport is in Agartala (100 km).

39. Tadoba Andhari Tiger Reserve

Often called ‘The Jewel of Vidarbha’, Tadoba is Maharashtra’s oldest and largest national park, offering some of the most consistent and high-quality tiger sightings in India.

Location: Chandrapur district, Maharashtra
Area: 625.4 km² (Core)
Best Time to Visit: October to June (peak sightings in the hot summer months).
Key Wildlife: A premier destination for sighting the Bengal Tiger. Also excellent for viewing Leopard, Sloth Bear, Gaur, and the Wild Dog (Dhole).
River System: The Andhari River flows through the reserve, and the perennial Tadoba Lake is a key water source around which wildlife congregates.
How to Reach: The nearest airport is Nagpur (140 km). The nearest railway station is Chandrapur (45 km).

40. Melghat Tiger Reserve

One of the first nine tiger reserves notified in 1973, Melghat lies in the Satpura range and is a crucial habitat for the tiger at the southern edge of its distribution.

Location: Amravati district, Maharashtra
Area: ~2768 km² (Total Reserve); Gugamal National Park (361 km²) is part of its core.
Best Time to Visit: October to May
Key Wildlife: An important reserve for the Bengal Tiger, Leopard, Sloth Bear, and Gaur.
River System: The reserve is the catchment area for five major rivers: Khandu, Khapra, Sipna, Gadga, and Dolar, all of which are tributaries of the Tapti River.
How to Reach: The nearest airport is in Nagpur (260 km). The nearest railway station is Badnera (Amravati).

41. Sahyadri Tiger Reserve

Spread across the Sahyadri range of the Western Ghats, this reserve connects the northern and southern stretches of this UNESCO World Heritage Site in Maharashtra, forming a vital corridor.

Location: Satara, Sangli, Kolhapur, and Ratnagiri districts, Maharashtra
Area: 1,166 km²
Best Time to Visit: October to February
Key Wildlife: Home to the Bengal Tiger, Leopard, Gaur, and Sambar.
River System: The Koyna River and its vast reservoir are a dominant feature of the landscape. The Warna River and several other streams also originate here.
How to Reach: The nearest airports are in Pune and Kolhapur.

42. Sanjay Gandhi National Park

Uniquely located within the city limits of Mumbai, this is one of the most visited national parks in the world, offering a green lung and a wild escape to the bustling metropolis.

Location: Mumbai, Maharashtra
Area: ~104 km²
Best Time to Visit: All year round, but the monsoon season (June-September) is especially beautiful.
Key Wildlife: It has a significant population of Leopards, along with Spotted Deer (Chital), and the ancient Kanheri Caves are located within its boundaries.
River System: The park’s two large lakes, Vihar and Tulsi, supply a part of Mumbai’s water. The Dahisar River originates within the park.
How to Reach: Easily accessible by road and local train within Mumbai.

43. Gir Forest National Park

Gir is a royal kingdom, the last and only abode of the majestic Asiatic Lion. This park in Gujarat is a testament to one of the world’s most successful and inspiring conservation stories.

Location: Junagadh, Gir Somnath, and Amreli districts, Gujarat
Area: 1,412 km² (Total Protected Area)
Best Time to Visit: December to March. (The park is closed from mid-June to mid-October).
Key Wildlife: The sole home of the Asiatic Lion (Panthera leo leo). It also supports a robust population of Leopards, Sambar, and Marsh Crocodiles.
River System: Seven major perennial rivers drain the area: Hiran, Shetrunji, Datardi, Shingoda, Machhundri, Godavari, and Raval, making it a crucial catchment.
How to Reach: The nearest airports are at Diu (90 km) and Rajkot (160 km).

44. Simlipal National Park

A massive tiger reserve and national park in Odisha, Simlipal is named after the abundance of ‘Simul’ or Red Silk Cotton trees. It is known for its beautiful waterfalls and rich biodiversity.

Location: Mayurbhanj district, Odisha
Area: 845.70 km² (Core); 2750 km² (Tiger Reserve)
Best Time to Visit: November to June
Key Wildlife: Home to the Bengal Tiger, Asian Elephant, Gaur, and Leopard.
River System: Many rivers like the Budhabalanga, Palpala, and Deo originate from the Simlipal hills and flow into the Bay of Bengal.
How to Reach: The nearest airport is Bhubaneswar (270 km). The nearest railway station is Baripada.

45. Bhitarkanika National Park

A unique habitat of mangrove forests, estuaries, and creeks, Bhitarkanika is India’s second-largest mangrove ecosystem and a haven for the Saltwater Crocodile.

Location: Kendrapara district, Odisha
Area: 145 km² (National Park); 672 km² (Sanctuary)
Best Time to Visit: October to February
Key Wildlife: Home to the largest population of the Saltwater Crocodile in India. Also famous for Olive Ridley Turtles, the White Crocodile, and the Indian Python.
River System: The park lies in the rich delta of the Brahmani, Baitarani, and Dhamra rivers.
How to Reach: Accessible by boat from Gupti or Khola. The nearest airport is Bhubaneswar.

46. Papikonda National Park

Located in the Eastern Ghats, Papikonda is a scenic park with deep gorges through which the Godavari River flows, creating a stunning and dramatic landscape.

Location: East and West Godavari districts, Andhra Pradesh
Area: 1,012.86 km²
Best Time to Visit: October to March
Key Wildlife: An Important Bird Area, it is also home to the Tiger, Leopard, Gaur, and Sambar.
River System: The mighty Godavari River cuts through the Papikonda hills, forming a picturesque gorge that is the park’s main attraction.
How to Reach: Accessible by boat tours from Rajahmundry or Bhadrachalam.

47. Sri Venkateswara National Park

Located in the Seshachalam Hills of the Eastern Ghats, this park is named after Lord Venkateswara of the nearby Tirumala temple and is known for its endemic plant species and waterfalls.

Location: Chittoor and Cuddapah districts, Andhra Pradesh
Area: 353.62 km²
Best Time to Visit: September to February
Key Wildlife: Leopard, Wild Dog, Hyena, and the elusive Slender Loris.
River System: While no major rivers flow through the park, it is home to numerous perennial streams and the picturesque Talakona, Gundalakona, and Gunjana waterfalls.
How to Reach: The nearest airport and railway station are at Tirupati.

48. Bandipur National Park

Once the private hunting ground of the Maharajas of Mysore, Bandipur is now a premier tiger reserve and part of the vast Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, a crucial wildlife corridor in South India.

Location: Chamarajanagar district, Karnataka
Area: 874.20 km²
Best Time to Visit: October to May
Key Wildlife: An excellent place to see the Tiger, Leopard, Elephant, Gaur, and Sambar.
River System: The Kabini River forms its northern boundary, and the Moyar River forms its southern boundary. The Nugu River also flows through the park.
How to Reach: The nearest airport is in Coimbatore (80 km). The nearest city is Mysuru.

49. Nagarhole National Park

Also known as Rajiv Gandhi National Park, Nagarhole is famous for its high density of wildlife and the spectacular sight of large elephant herds on the banks of the Kabini River.

Location: Kodagu and Mysore districts, Karnataka
Area: 643.39 km²
Best Time to Visit: October to May
Key Wildlife: A fantastic destination for viewing Tiger, Leopard, Asian Elephant, Gaur, and the Wild Dog (Dhole).
River System: The Nagarahole River (meaning ‘Serpent River’) flows through the park. The Kabini River and its vast reservoir form a large part of its boundary and are central to wildlife viewing.
How to Reach: The nearest airport is in Mysuru (98 km).

50. Kali Tiger Reserve

Formerly known as Dandeli-Anshi National Park, this reserve in the Western Ghats is a vast, protected area known for its lush forests, the Kali river, and the elusive black panther.

Location: Uttara Kannada district, Karnataka
Area: ~1300 km²
Best Time to Visit: October to May
Key Wildlife: Famous for the Bengal Tiger, Black Panther (melanistic leopard), Indian Elephant, and four species of Hornbills.
River System: The Kali River and its tributaries flow through the reserve, offering opportunities for white-water rafting and other activities.
How to Reach: The nearest airport is in Hubli (75 km). The nearest railway station is Alnavar.

51. Bannerghatta National Park

Located just outside the city of Bengaluru, this unique park has a dedicated butterfly park, a zoo, and a safari, making it a popular and accessible urban getaway.

Location: Bengaluru, Karnataka
Area: 260 km²
Best Time to Visit: September to January
Key Wildlife: It is an important corridor for Elephants. It is also home to the Leopard, Sloth Bear, and Sambar, and features a fenced elephant sanctuary.
River System: No major rivers flow through it, but it contains several small man-made water bodies that support its fauna.
How to Reach: Located just 22 km south of Bengaluru and is easily accessible by road.

52. Mudumalai National Park

Situated at the tri-junction of Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, and Kerala, Mudumalai is a key part of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve and a vital wildlife corridor connecting several protected areas.

Location: Nilgiri district, Tamil Nadu
Area: 321 km²
Best Time to Visit: October to May
Key Wildlife: Home to the Indian Elephant, Bengal Tiger, Gaur, and Indian Leopard.
River System: The Moyar River flows through the park, separating it from Bandipur and creating a beautiful gorge.
How to Reach: The nearest airport is in Coimbatore (127 km). The nearest major town is Ooty.

53. Anamalai Tiger Reserve

Formerly known as Indira Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary and National Park, this reserve in the southern Western Ghats is known for its high biodiversity and scenic beauty.

Location: Coimbatore and Tiruppur districts, Tamil Nadu
Area: 958.59 km²
Best Time to Visit: October to February
Key Wildlife: A key habitat for the Tiger, Elephant, Gaur, and the endangered Lion-tailed Macaque.
River System: The reserve is the source of several rivers like the Aliyar, Apambar, and Chinnar, and includes several important reservoirs vital for agriculture.
How to Reach: The nearest airport is Coimbatore (75 km). The main town is Pollachi.

54. Mukurthi National Park

This park in the Nilgiris was created to protect its keystone species, the Nilgiri Tahr. It’s a high-altitude landscape of rolling grasslands (sholas) and stunning peaks.

Location: Nilgiri district, Tamil Nadu
Area: 78.46 km²
Best Time to Visit: February to May and September to November.
Key Wildlife: A protected haven for the endemic Nilgiri Tahr. Also home to the Sambar, Royal Bengal Tiger, and Leopard.
River System: The park is drained by the Pykara and Kundah rivers, which flow into their respective reservoirs, major sources of hydroelectricity.
How to Reach: The park is not easily accessible to tourists and requires special permission from the Forest Department. The nearest town is Ooty.

55. Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park

India’s first marine national park, this is a protected area in the Gulf of Mannar consisting of 21 islands and adjacent coral reefs, teeming with marine life.

Location: Thoothukudi and Ramanathapuram districts, Tamil Nadu
Area: 560 km² (core area)
Best Time to Visit: October to March
Key Wildlife: A critical habitat for the vulnerable Dugong (Sea Cow). Also home to Dolphins, Whales, and over 100 species of coral.
River System: While a marine park, it receives freshwater inflow from several peninsular rivers, including the Thamirabarani, which helps maintain the unique ecosystem.
How to Reach: The park is accessible by glass-bottom boat from Mandapam. The nearest airport is Madurai.

56. Campbell Bay National Park

Located on the island of Great Nicobar, this park is part of the Great Nicobar Biosphere Reserve and is known for its pristine and largely unexplored tropical evergreen forests.

Location: Great Nicobar Island, Andaman & Nicobar Islands
Area: 426 km²
Best Time to Visit: March to October
Key Wildlife: Saltwater Crocodile, Nicobar Macaque, Giant Robber Crab, and the Nicobar Megapode.
River System: Several streams and the Galathea River flow through the park, eventually emptying into the sea.
How to Reach: The park is remote and accessible by boat. The nearest airport is in Port Blair, followed by inter-island transport.

57. Mahatma Gandhi Marine National Park

Located near Wandoor on the South Andaman island, this park was established to protect marine life, particularly the stunning coral reefs and nesting sea turtles.

Location: South Andaman
Area: 281.5 km²
Best Time to Visit: October to May
Key Wildlife: A vast diversity of fringing coral reefs, colourful fish, and several species of sea turtles that nest on the beaches.
River System: This is a marine park consisting of 17 islands and open sea creeks, with no terrestrial river systems.
How to Reach: Located 29 km from Port Blair. Trips to islands like Jolly Buoy and Red Skin are organized from Wandoor jetty.

58. Rani Jhansi Marine National Park

Located in the Ritchie’s Archipelago of the Andamans, this park was created to protect the rich marine ecosystem, including coral reefs, lagoons, and mangrove forests.

Location: Andaman & Nicobar Islands
Area: 256 km²
Best Time to Visit: December to March
Key Wildlife: A rich habitat for coral reefs, crocodiles, and dugongs.
River System: A marine park comprising a cluster of islands, including Havelock and Neil Islands, with no major rivers.
How to Reach: Accessible by ferry and boat from Port Blair.

59. Mount Harriet National Park

Named after the British naturalist Harriet Tytler, this park is a tropical evergreen forest that offers panoramic views and is famously featured on the Indian 20 rupee note.

Location: Ferrargunj, Andaman & Nicobar Islands
Area: 46.62 km²
Best Time to Visit: October to May
Key Wildlife: Andaman Wild Pigs, Saltwater Crocodiles, and Giant Robber Crabs. It is also renowned as a butterfly hotspot.
River System: The park consists of coastal hills and does not have any major river systems.
How to Reach: Accessible from Port Blair via road and a short vehicle-ferry ride from Bamboo Flat.

60. Periyar National Park

Set in the high ranges of the Western Ghats, Periyar is one of South India’s most popular parks, famous for its scenic artificial lake where animals, especially elephants, come to drink.

Location: Idukki and Pathanamthitta districts, Kerala
Area: 350 km² (National Park); 925 km² (Tiger Reserve)
Best Time to Visit: September to May
Key Wildlife: Famous for its large herds of Asian Elephants. Also home to the Tiger, Sambar, Gaur, and the endangered Lion-tailed Macaque.
River System: The park is centered around the large artificial lake created by the Mullaperiyar Dam. The Periyar and Pamba rivers originate in the park’s forests.
How to Reach: The nearest airport is Madurai (140 km). The nearest railway station is Kottayam (114 km). The main entry point is the town of Kumily.

61. Silent Valley National Park

A pristine and undisturbed stretch of tropical evergreen rainforest in the Nilgiri Hills, Silent Valley is a treasure trove of biodiversity and was the site of a historic environmental movement.

Location: Palakkad district, Kerala
Area: 89.52 km²
Best Time to Visit: December to April
Key Wildlife: Home to the largest population of the endangered Lion-tailed Macaque. Other key species include the Tiger and Leopard.
River System: The Kunthipuzha River, which is noted for being free from pollution, flows through the entire length of the valley.
How to Reach: The nearest airport is in Coimbatore (68 km). Access is from the town of Mukkali, from where only park vehicles are allowed.

62. Eravikulam National Park

The first national park in Kerala, Eravikulam is a stunning high-altitude grassland ecosystem famous as the home of the largest surviving population of the endangered Nilgiri Tahr.

Location: Idukki district, Kerala
Area: 97 km²
Best Time to Visit: September to November and April to June. (Closed during the calving season from roughly February to March).
Key Wildlife: A sanctuary for the endemic Nilgiri Tahr. Also home to the Gaur, Indian Muntjac, and Elephant. Anamudi, the highest peak in South India, is located here.
River System: It is the catchment area for tributaries of the Periyar River (flowing west) and the Cauvery River (flowing east).
How to Reach: Located near the popular hill station of Munnar. The nearest airport is Cochin (148 km).